Furosemide is a weakly acidic diuretic indicated for treatment of edema and hypertension. It has very poor solubility but high permeability through stomach and upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT). It has very poor permeability in the intestinal region resulting in very limited absorption in the intestinal region. Hence stomach remains the preferential site for oral absorption of furosemide but due to its poor solubility in this region it has poor and variable oral bioavailibility of 10-90%. The aim of this study was to enhance the oral bioavailibilty of furosemide by preparation of nanosuspensions. The nanosuspensions were prepared by nanoprecipitation with ultrasonnication using DMSO (Dimethylsulfoxide) as solvent and water as antisolvent (NA). The prepared nanosuspensions were stabilized with Poly vinyl acetate (PVA).These were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and release. Nanosuspension of furosemide with average particle size in the range of 150 -300 nm were obtained. The preparation were homogenous as indicated by polydispersity index in the range of 0.3+ 0.1 and stable. The particle size and dispersity was found to be dependent on concentration of drug and stabiliser. DSC and XRD studies indicated that the crystalline furosemide drug was converted to amourphous form. Significant enhancement in saturation solubility of furosemide in simulated gastric fluid showing 36 fold increase was observed. It may be concluded that preparation of nanosuspension of furosemide may be useful in enhancement of saturation solubility of furosemide in gastric condition. This enhanced saturation solubility in simulated gastric fluid may lead to enhanced absorption of furosemide from stomach region where it has better permeability. The nanosuspension can be prepared by antisolvent precipitation with ultrasonnication using Poly vinyl acetate as a suitable steric stabilizer to prepare stable furosemide nanosuspensions.
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